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| Photo courtesy of Art Aiello, Generac |
Hurricane Sandy wreaked havoc in parts of the East Coast, and
those of us who survived it, with homes and families in tact, have a lot to be
thankful for this November 22nd. However, the loss of power and heat affected
many of us on a relatively more minor scale, yet a significant one. As a parent
of young children who occasionally use a nebulizer, I was in agreement with my
neighbors who, after more than a week sans power said “Time to buy a
generator.”
I decided to research generators because there are dangers -
carbon monoxide-related and electrical in nature - associated with the portable
variety. According to the Electrical Safety Foundation International
(ESFI), 481 carbon monoxide deaths associated with portable generators
were reported to the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) in the years
from 1999-2008. In addition, over 80% of carbon monoxide deaths related to
portable generators occur in the home, often resulting from operation of a
portable generator within the living space of the home, including the basement,
closets and doorways.
Hearing that folks were going out to the popular chain
stores to buy their own generator sounded a little too blasé for me, so I
decided to research generators.
Here’s what I uncovered:
AUTOMATIC STANDBY GENERATORS ARE WORTH THE EXTRA
$$
As Hurricane Sandy proved, severe storms can
significantly disrupt your life. Heat, air conditioning, lighting and
electrical appliances stop working and, after a couple of days, battery backups
for sump pumps and alarms may fail leading to sewer and drain backups, fire and
even, burglary (one of my Long Island friends found the latter out the hard
way).
According to Gary Raphael, SVP and National Director of Risk
Consulting for ACE Private Risk Services:
“To minimize the disruption and potential damage to your
home from a severe storm coupled with an extended power outage, consider
installing an automatic standby generator. Fueled by natural gas or liquid
propane, these generators automatically kick in within seconds when the utility
power fails. You can decide if you want the generator to power only the
critical systems of your home (as you work with a licensed electrician), such
as heating or air conditioning, alarms, sump pumps, refrigeration, and a few
lights. Or, you can choose a generator large enough to power the entire
home. If you have a basement prone to flooding and a fine art or wine
collection sensitive to heat and humidity extremes, an automatic standby
generator can help prevent significant damage and financial loss."
"Installing an automatic standby generator usually
takes one to two months, so don’t wait until the next storm is approaching to
act by contacting an authorized generator dealer. The cost can vary
depending on the home’s size and the complexity of the systems supported by the
generator. A permanently installed generator for a moderately sized family home
could cost about $5,000, while top-of-the-line generators with significant
electrical capacity could reach $20,000. Portable generators are less
expensive, about $1,000, and also have lower capacity. If you choose a portable
generator, make sure the unit is placed in a well-ventilated location outdoors
and away from the house. Keep extra gasoline on hand and be especially mindful
of stray wires, extension cords and pooling water.”
Adds Art Aiello, a spokesman for Generac: “These permanently
installed units run on the house’s existing natural gas or liquid propane fuel
supply and start up automatically in an outage. They have automatic transfer
switches that automatically transfer power from the generator to your home's
electrical system. Because they run on natural gas or liquid propane, they have
very long running times, and do not need to be refueled as portable generators do
every 6 - 8 hours.” Aiello knows of home backup generators that were running
for customers on the East Coast for eight days.
HOWEVER, PORTABLE GENERATORS CAN BE INSTALLED QUICKER &
COST LESS
Portable generators are very common, particularly in the
wake of a severe storm with long term power outages; this is because they are
readily available, less expensive than the automatic standby variety and easy
to use. But they must always be installed with caution and it is wisest to have
a licensed electrician doing the work.
Aiello says: “They must always be used outside at
least five feet away from windows and doors, to keep carbon monoxide from
entering the home. Then extension cords can be run from the generator into the
home to power the appliances that they need to run. To backup those items that
are hardwired into the home's electrical system, a manual transfer switch can
be used with a portable generator. The manual transfer switch serves as an
interface between the generator and the home's electrical panel. With a manual
transfer switch, the generator only needs one special cord to connect it to a
junction box outside the home, which then delivers power to the home's
electrical panel. In this way, you can back up your most important circuits
(not the entire home) with a portable generator, but not have to run extension
cords, and be able to back up items that are hardwired into the home.”
He emphasizes that a manual transfer switch is not a DIY
project.
Brett Brenner, President of ESFI adds: “An average of
75 people die in the U.S. each year from generator- related carbon monoxide
poisoning, and these deaths could easily be avoided by following safe
installation and operation practices. Because portable generators are often
employed during a stressful time, it is critical that people understand the
hazards involved before they operate them.”
….AND, IN ANTICIPATION OF WHEN GAS IS HARD TO GET
Joe Atkin of Goal Zero recommends a solar generator if you
are going the portable route. That way, you don’t have to rely on gas,
especially when it is being rationed by license plate numbers, something we
never would have anticipated! The advantage of a solar energy generator,
besides the fact that you wouldn’t need gas, is that solar energy is a
completely renewable resource. Of course, you might be at a disadvantage on a
cloudy day or at night, and with a solar energy generator, on some days you may
still need to rely on oil to power your home. All in all however, little
maintenance is required to keep solar cells running and solar energy lasts and
is generally stored for a long time, so this is an option to consider. According to Dave
Fink, Product Development Engineer at Solutions From Science: “Solar powered
generators do not produce dangerous fumes, they require no gasoline, they are
quiet, and they are a clean renewable source of energy.”
You can
check out solar power generators at Goal Zero's website and contact the company
to speak with a licensed electrician about your home.
TYPES OF PORTABLE GENERATORS RECOMMENDED BY AN
EXPERT
According to David Bakke, editor of Money Crashers Personal
Finance, “It is important to get a generator that is powerful enough in terms
of both voltage and wattage to power your items - your best bet is to consult a
salesperson who can point you in the right direction. Since gasoline remains
high in price, you may want to consider getting a propane-fueled generator.
Also, when choosing a generator, be sure to get a quality model, and make sure
it is housed by aluminum or solid steel. Although you don't want to be cheap,
you should still remain on the lookout for price gouging. New Jersey businesses
are limited to a 10% price markup, and if you think your generator is priced
too high, you can report the business to your state’s Attorney General Office.”
Bakke offers this list of popular generators:
For heavy use, you want a generator with lots of wattage:
•
Generac Series GP7500E. This generator comes with 7,500 watts of power, which
should be enough to power your most-needed appliances. The outlets are
protected by circuit breakers, which eliminates the risk of overuse. It runs
fairly quiet as well. It lists for $999.
•
Briggs & Stratton 2100 Series. This has a full 10,000 watts, and its key
start mechanism makes for easy ignition. The seven-gallon tank means this can
run for as long as nine hours at a time. The lowest price I found was $1,261.07
at Ace Hardware.
If you don’t have as many items to power, there’s no sense
in overspending. Here are a couple cheaper generators with less wattage:
•
Briggs & Stratton 30466. This generator has 4,375 watts and has outlets for
both 120 and 240 volts. It has a four-gallon tank and can run for up to eight
hours at a time. It sells for $469 at Home Depot.
•
Champion Power Equipment 46561. This has 4,000 watts of power and even comes
with a remote control. It offers a good run-time of up to 12 hours. This
generator retails for $499.99.
If you need a propane generator, here are two options:
•
Sportsman GEN7000LP. This generator has 7,000 watts of power, four 120-volt
outlets, a 120/240-volt outlet, and a 12-volt DC outlet. It can run for as long
as eight hours at a time. It retails for $799 at Home Depot.
•
Sportsman GEN2000LP. For lighter usage, consider this propane generator with
2,000 watts of power, one 120-volt outlet and one 12-volt DC outlet. It can run
for as long as 12 hours on one tank of propane.
GENERAL TIPS:
* According to Brendan Atwood, Manager for Power Tools and
Equipment at Wayfair's, portable generators are great for just getting your
lights back on, and typically carry 4000-6000 Watts. Those typically range from
$350 to $700.
* People who are looking for a larger generator, to power
multiple rooms and large appliances, like a refrigerator, would want to
consider a generator in the 6000 to 9000 watt range. Generators of this size
would be in the $750 to $1000 price range.
* To power an entire house, a generator would need to be at
least 10,000 watts. These are typically over $1,000. An automatic Standby
generator typically costs between 7,000 to 20,000 depending on the size of the
house and including installation fee, always using a properly licensed
electrician.
* When using a generator, it is important that it is used
safely, and reading manufacturers operating and safety instructions is crucial.
*POWER MANAGE, says Gary Marowske of Flame Heating, Cooling,
Plumbing and Electrical, stressing that one should work with an electrician to
prioritize which areas will get power in the event of
an outage.
“Lights will dim if the generator can’t keep up," he explains, "Turn
some things off.”
* Generators should never be used inside, as they emit
carbon monoxide.
*Position a generator away from any open windows, vents in
your house, or doors
* Generators have powerful voltage, so do NOT operate under
wet conditions. Take the proper precautions to protect generators from snow and
rain.
INSTALLATION SAFETY TIPS FROM
ESFI:
* ESFI strongly recommends that a licensed electrician
install home generators to ensure they meet all local electrical codes.
* Do not connect generators directly to the household wiring
without an appropriate transfer switch installed. Power from generators
connected directly to household wiring can back feed along power lines and
electrocute anyone coming in contact with them, including utility line workers
making repairs.
* Make sure your generator is properly grounded.
* Use a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) to prevent
electrocutions and electrical shock injuries. Portable GFCIs require no tools
to install and are available at prices ranging from $12 to $30.
* Make sure extension cords used with generators are rated
for the load, and are free of cuts, worn insulation, and have three-pronged
plugs.
USING YOUR GENERATOR SAFELY (also from
ESFI):
* Never operate a generator inside your home or in other
enclosed or partially-enclosed spaces. Generators can very quickly produce high
levels of carbon monoxide, which can be deadly.
* Opening doors and windows or operating fans to attempt to
ventilate a generator will not prevent carbon monoxide build-up in the home.
Even with a working CO alarm, you should never use a gasoline-powered generator
inside your home or in a garage.
* Keep children away from portable generators at all times.
* Get to fresh air right away if you feel dizzy or weak.
* A generator is a temporary power source. Use a generator
only when necessary to power essential equipment or appliances.
* Do not overload the generator.
* Plug appliances directly into the generator.
* Turn off all appliances powered by the generator before
shutting down the generator.
* Make sure fuel for the generator is stored safely, away
from living areas, in properly labeled containers, and away from fuel-burning
appliances. Before re-fueling, always turn the generator off and let it cool
down.